Much of the computation is done before the attack takes place, making it far easier and quicker to launch an attack, compared to other methods.

Hackers are then able to compare these listings with any encrypted passwords they discover in a company’s system. Rainbow tables go one step further, as rather than simply providing a password and its hash, these store a precompiled list of all possible plain text versions of encrypted passwords based on a hash algorithm. Brute force attackīrute force attacks refer to a number of different methods of hacking that all involve guessing passwords in order to access a system. Some malware will even proactively hunt through a user’s system for password dictionaries or data associated with web browsers. Keyloggers, and their ilk, record a user’s activity, whether that’s through keystrokes or screenshots, which is all then shared with a hacker. Alongside highly disruptive malicious software like ransomware, which attempts to block access to an entire system, there are also highly specialised malware families that target passwords specifically. Keyloggers, screen scrapers, and a host of other malicious tools all fall under the umbrella of malware, malicious software designed to steal personal data. Successful social engineering attacks can be incredibly convincing and highly lucrative, as was the case when the CEO of a UK-based energy company lost £201,000 to hackers after they tricked him with an AI tool that mimicked his assistant’s voice.

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